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      Application Scenarios

      You can use functions provided by A-Tune through the CLI client atune-adm. This chapter describes the functions and usage of the A-Tune client.

      Overview

      • Run A-Tune as the root user.

      • You can run the atune-adm help/--help/-h command to query commands supported by atune-adm.

      • All example commands are used in single-node mode. For distributed mode, specify an IP address and port number. For example:

        #  atune-adm -a 192.168.3.196 -p 60001 list
        
      • The define, update, undefine, collection, train, and upgrade commands do not support remote execution.

      • In the command format, brackets ([]) indicate that the parameter is optional, and angle brackets (<>) indicate that the parameter is mandatory. The actual parameters prevail.

      Querying Workload Types

      list

      Function

      Query the supported profiles and the values of Active.

      Format

      atune-adm list

      Example

      # atune-adm list
      
      Support profiles:
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | ProfileName                                    | Active    |
      +================================================+===========+
      | arm-native-android-container-robox             | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | basic-test-suite-euleros-baseline-fio          | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | basic-test-suite-euleros-baseline-lmbench      | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | basic-test-suite-euleros-baseline-netperf      | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | basic-test-suite-euleros-baseline-stream       | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | basic-test-suite-euleros-baseline-unixbench    | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | basic-test-suite-speccpu-speccpu2006           | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | basic-test-suite-specjbb-specjbb2015           | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-hdfs-dfsio-hdd                 | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-hdfs-dfsio-ssd                 | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-bayesian                 | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-kmeans                   | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-sql1                     | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-sql10                    | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-sql2                     | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-sql3                     | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-sql4                     | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-sql5                     | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-sql6                     | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-sql7                     | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-sql8                     | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-sql9                     | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-tersort                  | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | big-data-hadoop-spark-wordcount                | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | cloud-compute-kvm-host                         | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | database-mariadb-2p-tpcc-c3                    | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | database-mariadb-4p-tpcc-c3                    | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | database-mongodb-2p-sysbench                   | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | database-mysql-2p-sysbench-hdd                 | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | database-mysql-2p-sysbench-ssd                 | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | database-postgresql-2p-sysbench-hdd            | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | database-postgresql-2p-sysbench-ssd            | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | default-default                                | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | docker-mariadb-2p-tpcc-c3                      | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | docker-mariadb-4p-tpcc-c3                      | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | hpc-gatk4-human-genome                         | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | in-memory-database-redis-redis-benchmark       | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | middleware-dubbo-dubbo-benchmark               | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | storage-ceph-vdbench-hdd                       | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | storage-ceph-vdbench-ssd                       | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | virtualization-consumer-cloud-olc              | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | virtualization-mariadb-2p-tpcc-c3              | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | virtualization-mariadb-4p-tpcc-c3              | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | web-apache-traffic-server-spirent-pingpo       | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | web-nginx-http-long-connection                 | true      |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      | web-nginx-https-short-connection               | false     |
      +------------------------------------------------+-----------+
      

      NOTE:
      If the value of Active is true, the profile is activated. In the example, the web-nginx-http-long-connection profile is activated.

      Workload Type Analysis and Auto Tuning

      analysis

      Function

      Collect real-time statistics from the system to identify and automatically tune workload types.

      Format

      atune-adm analysis [OPTIONS]

      Parameter Description

      • OPTIONS

        Parameter

        Description

        --model, -m

        Indicate a new model generated by user self-training

        --characterization, -c

        Use the default model for application identification without performing automatic tuning

      Example

      • Use the default model to identify applications.

        # atune-adm analysis --characterization
        
      • Use the default model to identify applications and perform automatic tuning.

        # atune-adm analysis
        
      • Use the user-defined training model to identify applications.

        # atune-adm analysis --model /usr/libexec/atuned/analysis/models/new-model.m
        

      User-defined Model

      A-Tune allows users to define and learn new models. To define a new model, perform the following steps:

      1. Run the define command to define a new profile.
      2. Run the collection command to collect the system data corresponding to the application.
      3. Run the train command to train the model.

      define

      Function

      Add a user-defined application scenario and the corresponding profile tuning items.

      Format

      atune-adm define <service_type> <application_name> <scenario_name> <profile_path>

      Example

      Add a profile whose service_type is test_service, application_name is test_app, scenario_name is test_scenario, and the tuning item configuration file is example.conf.

      # atune-adm define test_service test_app test_scenario ./example.conf
      

      The example.conf file can be written as follows (the following tuning items are optional and are for reference only). You can also run the atune-adm info command to view how the existing profile is written.

       [main]
       # list its parent profile
       [kernel_config]
       # to change the kernel config
       [bios]
       # to change the bios config
       [bootloader.grub2]
       # to change the grub2 config
       [sysfs]
       # to change the /sys/* config
       [systemctl]
       # to change the system service status
       [sysctl]
       # to change the /proc/sys/* config
       [script]
       # the script extension of cpi
       [ulimit]
       # to change the resources limit of user
       [schedule_policy]
       # to change the schedule policy
       [check]
       # check the environment
       [tip]
       # the recommended optimization, which should be performed manually
      

      collection

      Function

      Collect the global resource usage and OS status during service running and save the collected information to a CSV output file as the input dataset for model training.

      NOTE:

      • This command depends on the sampling tools such as perf, mpstat, vmstat, iostat, and sar.
      • Currently, only the Kunpeng 920 processor is supported. You can run the dmidecode -t processor command to check the CPU model.

      Format

      atune-adm collection <OPTIONS>

      Parameter Description

      • OPTIONS

        Parameter

        Description

        --filename, -f

        Name of the generated CSV file used for training: name-timestamp.csv

        --output_path, -o

        Path for storing the generated CSV file. The absolute path is required.

        --disk, -b

        Disk used during service running, for example, /dev/sda.

        --network, -n

        Network port used during service running, for example, eth0.

        --app_type, -t

        Mark the application type of the service as a label for training.

        --duration, -d

        Data collection time during service running, in seconds. The default collection time is 1200 seconds.

        --interval, -i

        Interval for collecting data, in seconds. The default interval is 5 seconds.

      Example

      # atune-adm collection --filename name --interval 5 --duration 1200 --output_path /home/data --disk sda --network eth0 --app_type test_type 
      

      train

      Function

      Use the collected data to train the model. Collect data of at least two application types during training. Otherwise, an error is reported.

      Format

      atune-adm train <OPTIONS>

      Parameter Description

      • OPTIONS
        ParameterDescription
        --data_path, -dPath for storing CSV files required for model training
        --output_file, -oA new model generated during training

      Example

      Use the CSV file in the data directory as the training input. The generated model new-model.m is stored in the model directory.

      # atune-adm train --data_path /home/data --output_file /usr/libexec/atuned/analysis/models/new-model.m 
      

      undefine

      Function

      Delete a user-defined profile.

      Format

      atune-adm undefine <profile>

      Example

      Delete the user-defined profile.

      # atune-adm undefine test_service-test_app-test_scenario
      

      Querying Profiles

      info

      Function

      View the profile content.

      Format

      atune-adm info <profile>

      Example

      View the profile content of web-nginx-http-long-connection.

      # atune-adm info web-nginx-http-long-connection
      
      *** web-nginx-http-long-connection:
      
      #
      # nginx http long connection A-Tune configuration
      #
      [main]
      include = default-default
      
      [kernel_config]
      #TODO CONFIG
      
      [bios]
      #TODO CONFIG
      
      [bootloader.grub2]
      iommu.passthrough = 1
      
      [sysfs]
      #TODO CONFIG
      
      [systemctl]
      sysmonitor = stop
      irqbalance = stop
      
      [sysctl]
      fs.file-max = 6553600
      fs.suid_dumpable = 1
      fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
      kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
      kernel.shmall = 4294967296
      kernel.shmmni = 4096
      kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
      net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
      net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
      net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024     65500
      net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
      net.core.somaxconn = 65535
      net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
      net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144
      net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
      net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
      net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
      net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
      net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
      net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 60
      net.ipv4.tcp_mem =  362619      483495   725238
      net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096         87380   6291456
      net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096         16384   4194304
      net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
      net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
      net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
      net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
      
      [script]
      prefetch = off
      ethtool =  -X {network} hfunc toeplitz
      
      [ulimit]
      {user}.hard.nofile = 102400
      {user}.soft.nofile = 102400
      
      [schedule_policy]
      #TODO CONFIG
      
      [check]
      #TODO CONFIG
      
      [tip]
      SELinux provides extra control and security features to linux kernel. Disabling SELinux will improve the performance but may cause security risks. = kernel
      disable the nginx log = application
      

      Updating Profiles

      You can update the existing profiles as required.

      update

      Function

      Update the original tuning items in the existing profiles to the content in the new.conf file.

      Format

      atune-adm update <profile> <profile_path>

      Example

      Change the tuning item of the profile named test_service-test_app-test_scenario to new.conf.

      # atune-adm update test_service-test_app-test_scenario ./new.conf
      

      Activating Profiles

      profile

      Function

      Manually activate a profile to make it in the active state.

      Format

      atune-adm profile <profile>

      Parameter Description

      For details about the profile name, see the query result of the list command.

      Example

      Activate the profile corresponding to web-nginx-http-long-connection.

      # atune-adm profile web-nginx-http-long-connection
      

      Rolling Back Profiles

      rollback

      Functions

      Roll back the current configuration to the initial configuration of the system.

      Format

      atune-adm rollback

      Example

      # atune-adm rollback
      

      Updating Database

      upgrade

      Function

      Update the system database.

      Format

      atune-adm upgrade <DB_FILE>

      Parameter Description

      • DB_FILE

        New database file path.

      Example

      Update the dataset to new_sqlite.db.

      # atune-adm upgrade ./new_sqlite.db
      

      Querying System Information

      check

      Function

      Check the CPU, BIOS, OS, and NIC information.

      Format

      atune-adm check

      Example

      # atune-adm check
       cpu information:
           cpu:0   version: Kunpeng 920-6426  speed: 2600000000 HZ   cores: 64
           cpu:1   version: Kunpeng 920-6426  speed: 2600000000 HZ   cores: 64
       system information:
           DMIBIOSVersion: 0.59
           OSRelease: 4.19.36-vhulk1906.3.0.h356.eulerosv2r8.aarch64
       network information:
           name: eth0              product: HNS GE/10GE/25GE RDMA Network Controller
           name: eth1              product: HNS GE/10GE/25GE Network Controller
           name: eth2              product: HNS GE/10GE/25GE RDMA Network Controller
           name: eth3              product: HNS GE/10GE/25GE Network Controller
           name: eth4              product: HNS GE/10GE/25GE RDMA Network Controller
           name: eth5              product: HNS GE/10GE/25GE Network Controller
           name: eth6              product: HNS GE/10GE/25GE RDMA Network Controller
           name: eth7              product: HNS GE/10GE/25GE Network Controller
           name: docker0           product:
      

      Performing Automatic Parameter Tuning

      A-Tune provides the automatic search capability with the optimal configuration, saving the trouble of manually configuring parameters and performance evaluation. This greatly improves the search efficiency of optimal configurations.

      tuning

      Function

      Use the specified project file to search the dynamic space for parameters and find the optimal solution under the current environment configuration.

      Format

      atune-adm tuning [OPTIONS] <PROJECT_YAML>

      NOTE:
      Before running the command, ensure that the following conditions are met:

      1. The YAML configuration file on the server has been edited and stored in the /etc/atuned/tuning/ directory of the atuned service.
      2. The YAML configuration file on the client has been edited and stored on the atuned client.

      Parameter Description

      • OPTIONS

        Parameter

        Description

        --restore, -r

        Restores the initial configuration before tuning.

        --project, -p

        Specifies the project name in the YAML file to be restored.

        --restart, -c

        Performs tuning based on historical tuning results.

        --detail, -d

        Prints detailed information about the tuning process.

        NOTE:
        If this parameter is used, the -p parameter must be followed by a specific project name and the YAML file of the project must be specified.

        • PROJECT_YAML: YAML configuration file of the client.

        Configuration Description

        Table 1 YAML file on the server

        Name

        Description

        Type

        Value Range

        project

        Project name.

        Character string

        -

        startworkload

        Script for starting the service to be optimized.

        Character string

        -

        stopworkload

        Script for stopping the service to be optimized.

        Character string

        -

        maxiterations

        Maximum number of optimization iterations, which is used to limit the number of iterations on the client. Generally, the more optimization iterations, the better the optimization effect, but the longer the time required. Set this parameter based on the site requirements.

        Integer

        >10

        object

        Parameters to be optimized and related information.

        For details about the object configuration items, see Table 2.

        -

        -

        Table 2 Description of object configuration items

        Name

        Description

        Type

        Value Range

        name

        Parameter to be optimized.

        Character string

        -

        desc

        Description of parameters to be optimized.

        Character string

        -

        get

        Script for querying parameter values.

        -

        -

        set

        Script for setting parameter values.

        -

        -

        needrestart

        Specifies whether to restart the service for the parameter to take effect.

        Enumeration

        true or false

        type

        Parameter type. Currently, the discrete and continuous types are supported.

        Enumeration

        discrete or continuous

        dtype

        This parameter is available only when type is set to discrete. Currently, int, float and string are supported.

        Enumeration

        int, float, string

        scope

        Parameter setting range. This parameter is valid only when type is set to discrete and dtype is set to int or float, or type is set to continuous.

        Integer/Float

        The value is user-defined and must be within the valid range of this parameter.

        step

        Parameter value step, which is used when dtype is set to int or float.

        Integer/Float

        This value is user-defined.

        items

        Enumerated value of which the parameter value is not within the scope. This is used when dtype is set to int or float.

        Integer/Float

        The value is user-defined and must be within the valid range of this parameter.

        options

        Enumerated value range of the parameter value, which is used when dtype is set to string.

        Character string

        The value is user-defined and must be within the valid range of this parameter.

        Table 3 Description of configuration items of a YAML file on the client

        Name

        Description

        Type

        Value Range

        project

        Project name, which must be the same as that in the configuration file on the server.

        Character string

        -

        engine

        Tuning algorithm.

        Character string

        "random", "forest", "gbrt", "bayes", "extraTrees"

        iterations

        Number of tuning iterations.

        Integer

        ≥ 10

        random_starts

        Number of random iterations.

        Integer

        < iterations

        feature_filter_engine

        Parameter search algorithm, which is used to select important parameters. This parameter is optional.

        Character string

        "lhs"

        feature_filter_cycle

        Parameter search cycles, which is used to select important parameters. This parameter is used together with feature_filter_engine.

        Integer

        -

        feature_filter_iters

        Number of iterations for each cycle of parameter search, which is used to select important parameters. This parameter is used together with feature_filter_engine.

        Integer

        -

        split_count

        Number of evenly selected parameters in the value range of tuning parameters, which is used to select important parameters. This parameter is used together with feature_filter_engine.

        Integer

        -

        benchmark

        Performance test script.

        -

        -

        evaluations

        Performance test evaluation index.

        For details about the evaluations configuration items, see Table 4.

        -

        -

        Table 4 Description of evaluations configuration item

        Name

        Description

        Type

        Value Range

        name

        Evaluation index name.

        Character string

        -

        get

        Script for obtaining performance evaluation results.

        -

        -

        type

        A positive or negative type of the evaluation result. The value positive indicates that the performance value is minimized, and the value negative indicates that the performance value is maximized.

        Enumeration

        positive or negative

        weight

        Weight of the index. The value ranges from 0 to 100.

        Integer

        0-100

        threshold

        Minimum performance requirement of the index.

        Integer

        User-defined

        Example

        The following is an example of the YAML file configuration on a server:

        project: "compress"
        maxiterations: 500
        startworkload: ""
        stopworkload: ""
        object :
          -
            name : "compressLevel"
            info :
                desc : "The compresslevel parameter is an integer from 1 to 9 controlling the level of compression"
                get : "cat /root/A-Tune/examples/tuning/compress/compress.py | grep 'compressLevel=' | awk -F '=' '{print $2}'"
                set : "sed -i 's/compressLevel=\\s*[0-9]*/compressLevel=$value/g' /root/A-Tune/examples/tuning/compress/compress.py"
                needrestart : "false"
                type : "continuous"
                scope :
                  - 1
                  - 9
                dtype : "int"
          -
            name : "compressMethod"
            info :
                desc : "The compressMethod parameter is a string controlling the compression method"
                get : "cat /root/A-Tune/examples/tuning/compress/compress.py | grep 'compressMethod=' | awk -F '=' '{print $2}' | sed 's/\"//g'"
                set : "sed -i 's/compressMethod=\\s*[0-9,a-z,\"]*/compressMethod=\"$value\"/g' /root/A-Tune/examples/tuning/compress/compress.py"
                needrestart : "false"
                type : "discrete"
                options :
                  - "bz2"
                  - "zlib"
                  - "gzip"
                dtype : "string"
        

          

        The following is an example of the YAML file configuration on a client:

        project: "compress"
        engine : "gbrt"
        iterations : 20
        random_starts : 10
        
        benchmark : "python3 /root/A-Tune/examples/tuning/compress/compress.py"
        evaluations :
          -
            name: "time"
            info:
                get: "echo '$out' | grep 'time' | awk '{print $3}'"
                type: "positive"
                weight: 20
          -
            name: "compress_ratio"
            info:
                get: "echo '$out' | grep 'compress_ratio' | awk '{print $3}'"
                type: "negative"
                weight: 80
        

          

        Example

        • Perform tuning.

          # atune-adm tuning --project compress --detail compress_client.yaml
          
        • Restore the initial configuration before tuning. The compress is the project name in the YAML file.

          # atune-adm tuning --restore --project compress
          

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