Image Management

• Image Management
  • build
  • history
  • images
  • import
  • load
  • login
  • logout
  • pull
  • push
  • rmi
  • save
  • search
  • tag

build

Syntax: docker build [options] path | URL | -

Function: Builds an image using the Dockerfile in the specified path.

Parameter description: Common parameters are as follows. For details about more parameters, see the docker help build command section.

Table 1 Parameter description

Dockerfile Command

Dockerfile is used to describe how to build an image and automatically build a container. The format of all Dockerfile commands is instruction arguments.

FROM Command

Syntax: FROM image or FROM image:tag

Function: Specifies a basic image, which is the first command for all Dockerfile files. If the tag of a basic image is not specified, the default tag name latest is used.

RUN Command

Syntax: RUN command (for example, run in a shell - `/bin/sh -c`) or

RUN [executable, param1, param2 ... ] (in the exec command format)

Function: Runs any command in the image specified by the FROM command and then commits the result. The committed image can be used in later commands. The RUN command is equivalent to:

docker run image command

docker commit container_id

Remarks

The number sign (#) is used to comment out.

MAINTAINER Command

Syntax: MAINTAINERname

Function: Specifies the name and contact information of the maintenance personnel.

ENTRYPOINT Command

Syntax: ENTRYPOINT cmd param1 param2... or ENTRYPOINT ["cmd", "param1", "param2"...]

Function: Configures the command to be executed during container startup.

USER Command

Syntax: USER name

Function: Specifies the running user of memcached.

EXPOSE Command

Syntax: EXPOSE port [port...]

Function: Enables one or more ports for images.

ENV Command

Syntax: ENV key value

Function: Configures environment variables. After the environment variables are configured, they can be used by subsequent RUN commands.

ADD Command

Syntax: ADD src dst

Function: Copies a file from the src directory to the dest directory of a container. src indicates the relative path of the source directory to be built. It can be the path of a file or directory, or a remote file URL. dest indicates the absolute path of the container.

VOLUME Command

Syntax: VOLUME ["mountpoint"]

Function: Creates a mount point for sharing a directory.

WORKDIR Command

Syntax: workdir path

Function: Runs the RUN, CMD, and ENTRYPOINT commands to set the current working path. The current working path can be set multiple times. If the current working path is a relative path, it is relative to the previous WORKDIR command.

CMD command

Syntax: CMD ["executable","param1","param2"] (This command is similar to the exec command and is preferred.)

CMD ["param1","param2"] (The parameters are the default parameters for ENTRYPOINT.)

CMD command param1 param2 (This command is similar to the shell command.)

Function: A Dockerfile can contain only one CMD command. If there are multiple CMD commands, only the last one takes effect.

ONBUILD Commands

Syntax: ONBUILD [other commands]

Function: This command is followed by other commands, such as the RUN and COPY commands. This command is not executed during image build and is executed only when the current image is used as the basic image to build the next-level image.

The following is a complete example of the Dockerfile command that builds an image with the sshd service installed.

FROM busybox
ENV  http_proxy http://192.168.0.226:3128
ENV  https_proxy https://192.168.0.226:3128
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y openssh-server
RUN mkdir -p /var/run/sshd
EXPOSE 22
ENTRYPOINT /usr/sbin/sshd -D

Example:

1. Run the following command to build an image using the preceding Dockerfile:

   sudo docker build -t busybox:latest
   

2. Run the following command to view the generated image:

   docker images | grep busybox
   

history

Syntax: docker history [options] image

Function: Displays the change history of an image.

Parameter description:

-H, --human=true

--no-trunc=false: Does not delete any output.

-q and --quiet=false: Display only IDs.

Example:

$ sudo docker history busybox:test
IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY          SIZE                COMMENT
be4672959e8b        15 minutes ago      bash                23B
21970dfada48        4 weeks ago                             128MB               Imported from -

images

Syntax: docker images [options] [name]

Function: Lists existing images. The intermediate image is not displayed if no parameter is configured.

Parameter description:

-a and --all=false: Display all images.

-f and --filter=[]: Specify a filtering value, for example, dangling=true.

--no-trunc=false: Does not delete any output.

-q and --quiet=false: Display only IDs.

Example:

$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             latest              e02e811dd08f        2 years ago         1.09MB

import

Syntax: docker import URL|- [repository[:tag]]

Function: Imports a .tar package that contains rootfs as an image. This parameter corresponds to the docker export command.

Parameter description: none.

Example:

Run the following command to generate a new image for busybox.tar exported using the docker export command:

$ sudo docker import busybox.tar busybox:test
sha256:a79d8ae1240388fd3f6c49697733c8bac4d87283920defc51fb0fe4469e30a4f
$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             test                a79d8ae12403        2 seconds ago       1.3MB

load

Syntax: docker load [options]

Function: Reloads an image from .tar package obtained by running the docker save command. This parameter corresponds to the docker save command.

Parameter description:

-i and --input="" can be used.

Example:

$ sudo docker load -i busybox.tar
Loaded image ID: sha256:e02e811dd08fd49e7f6032625495118e63f597eb150403d02e3238af1df240ba
$ sudo docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             latest              e02e811dd08f        2 years ago         1.09MB

login

Syntax: docker login [options] [server]

Function: Logs in to an image server. If no server is specified, the system logs in to https://index.docker.io/v1/ by default.

Parameter description:

-e and --email="": Email address.

-p and --password="": Password.

-u and --username="": User name.

Example:

sudo docker login

logout

Syntax: docker logout [server]

Function: Logs out of an image server. If no server is specified, the system logs out of https://index.docker.io/v1/ by default.

Parameter description: none.

Example:

sudo docker logout

pull

Syntax: docker pull [options] name[:tag]

Function: Pulls an image from an official or private registry.

Parameter description:

-a and --all-tags=false: Download all images in a registry. (A registry can be tagged with multiple tags. For example, a busybox registry may have multiple tags, such as busybox:14.04, busybox:13.10, busybox:latest. If -a is used, all busybox images with tags are pulled.)

Example:

1. Run the following command to obtain the Nginx image from the official registry:

   $ sudo docker pull nginx
   Using default tag: latest
   latest: Pulling from official/nginx
   94ed0c431eb5: Pull complete
   9406c100a1c3: Pull complete
   aa74daafd50c: Pull complete
   Digest: sha256:788fa27763db6d69ad3444e8ba72f947df9e7e163bad7c1f5614f8fd27a311c3
   Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
   

   When an image is pulled, the system checks whether the dependent layer exists. If yes, the local layer is used.

2. Pull an image from a private registry.

   Run the following command to pull the Fedora image from the private registry, for example, the address of the private registry is 192.168.1.110:5000:

   sudo docker pull 192.168.1.110:5000/fedora
   

push

Syntax: docker push name[:tag]

Function: Pushes an image to the image registry.

Parameter description: none.

Example:

1. Run the following command to push an image to the private image registry at 192.168.1.110:5000.

2. Label the image to be pushed. (The docker tag command is described in the following section.) In this example, the image to be pushed is busybox:sshd.

   sudo docker tag ubuntu:sshd 192.168.1.110:5000/busybox:sshd
   

3. Run the following command to push the tagged image to the private image registry:

   sudo docker push 192.168.1.110:5000/busybox:sshd
   

   During the push, the system automatically checks whether the dependent layer exists in the image registry. If yes, the layer is skipped.

rmi

Syntax: docker rmi [options] image[image...]

Function: Deletes one or more images. If an image has multiple tags in the image library, only the untag operation is performed when the image is deleted. If the image has only one tag, the dependent layers are deleted in sequence.

Parameter description:

-f and --force=false: Forcibly delete an image.

--no-prune=false: Does not delete parent images without tags.

Example:

sudo docker rmi 192.168.1.110:5000/busybox:sshd

save

Syntax: docker save [options] _image _[image...]

Function: Saves an image to a TAR package. The output is STDOUT by default.

Parameter description:

-o and --output="": Save an image to a file rather than STDOUT.

Example:

$ sudo docker save -o nginx.tar nginx:latest
$ ls
nginx.tar

search

Syntax: docker searchoptions TERM

Function: Searches for a specific image in the image registry.

Parameter description:

--automated=false: Displays the automatically built image.

--no-trunc=false: Does not delete any output.

-s and --stars=0: Display only images of a specified star level or higher.

Example:

1. Run the following command to search for Nginx in the official image library:

   $ sudo docker search nginx
   NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
   nginx                             Official build of Nginx.                        11873               [OK]
   jwilder/nginx-proxy               Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con...   1645                                    [OK]
   richarvey/nginx-php-fpm           Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of...   739                                     [OK]
   linuxserver/nginx                 An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS...   74
   bitnami/nginx                     Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      70                                      [OK]
   tiangolo/nginx-rtmp               Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp...   51                                      [OK]
   

2. Run the following command to search for busybox in the private image library. The address of the private image library must be added during the search.

   sudo docker search 192.168.1.110:5000/busybox
   

tag

Syntax: docker tag [options] image[:tag] [registry host/][username/]name[:tag]

Function: Tags an image to a registry.

Parameter description:

-f or --force=false: Forcibly replaces the original image when the same tag name exists.

Example:

sudo docker tag busybox:latest busybox:test