TLCP协议栈

概述

TLCP是指符合《GB/T38636 2020信息安全技术传输层密码协议（TLCP）》的安全通信协议，其特点是采用加密证书/私钥和签名证书/私钥相分离的方式。openEuler 22.09版本之后发布的openSSL 1.1.1 软件在开源版本的基础上增加了对商密TLCP协议的支持，提供了如下主要的功能：

新增对TLCP商密双证书加载的支持；
新增对ECC_SM4_CBC_SM3和ECDHE_SM4_CBC_SM3算法套件的支持；
新增对SM2证书的支持。

前置条件

openEuler操作系统安装的openSSL软件版本号大于1.1.1m-6(openSSL 3.0.x暂不支持）：

$ rpm -qa openssl
openssl-1.1.1m-6.oe2209.x86_64

如何使用

场景1：生成SM2双证书

根据TLCP协议标准，通信过程需要两本证书：签名证书和加密证书。签名证书在认证过程使用，作用是验证身份；加密证书在密钥协商时使用，作用是数据加密。CA是证书认证机构（Certificate Authority）的缩写。CSR证书请求文件得到CA的签发后才可形成证书。下面是一个参考案例，介绍使用自签名的CA证书来签发实体证书：

准备生成证书所需要使用的配置文件openssl.cnf，参考的内容如下（基于openssl源码apps/openssl.cnf修改）：

# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't
# defined.
HOME   = .

# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:
#oid_file  = $ENV::HOME/.oid
oid_section  = new_oids

# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the
# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the
# X.509v3 extensions to use:
# extensions  =
# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only
# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)

[ new_oids ]

# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca', 'req' and 'ts'.
# Add a simple OID like this:
# testoid1=1.2.3.4
# Or use config file substitution like this:
# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6

# Policies used by the TSA examples.
tsa_policy1 = 1.2.3.4.1
tsa_policy2 = 1.2.3.4.5.6
tsa_policy3 = 1.2.3.4.5.7

####################################################################
[ ca ]
default_ca = CA_default  # The default ca section

####################################################################
[ CA_default ]

dir  = ./demoCA  # Where everything is kept
certs  = $dir/certs  # Where the issued certs are kept
crl_dir  = $dir/crl  # Where the issued crl are kept
database = $dir/index.txt # database index file.
#unique_subject = no   # Set to 'no' to allow creation of
    # several certs with same subject.
new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts  # default place for new certs.

certificate = $dir/cacert.pem  # The CA certificate
serial  = $dir/serial   # The current serial number
crlnumber = $dir/crlnumber # the current crl number
    # must be commented out to leave a V1 CRL
crl  = $dir/crl.pem   # The current CRL
private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key

x509_extensions = usr_cert  # The extensions to add to the cert

# Comment out the following two lines for the "traditional"
# (and highly broken) format.
name_opt  = ca_default  # Subject Name options
cert_opt  = ca_default  # Certificate field options

# Extension copying option: use with caution.
# copy_extensions = copy

# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs
# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.
# crlnumber must also be commented out to leave a V1 CRL.
# crl_extensions = crl_ext

default_days = 365   # how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30   # how long before next CRL
default_md = default  # use public key default MD
preserve = no   # keep passed DN ordering

# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look
# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional
# and supplied fields are just that :-)
policy  = policy_match

# For the CA policy
[ policy_match ]
countryName  = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName  = supplied
emailAddress  = optional

# For the 'anything' policy
# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'
# types.
[ policy_anything ]
countryName  = optional
stateOrProvinceName = optional
localityName  = optional
organizationName = optional
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName  = supplied
emailAddress  = optional

####################################################################
[ req ]
default_bits  = 2048
default_keyfile  = privkey.pem
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
attributes  = req_attributes
x509_extensions = v3_ca # The extensions to add to the self signed cert

# Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for
# input_password = secret
# output_password = secret

# This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options.
# default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.
# pkix  : PrintableString, BMPString (PKIX recommendation before 2004)
# utf8only: only UTF8Strings (PKIX recommendation after 2004).
# nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).
# MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.
# WARNING: ancient versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings.
string_mask = utf8only

# req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName   = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default  = AU
countryName_min   = 2
countryName_max   = 2

stateOrProvinceName  = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default = Some-State

localityName   = Locality Name (eg, city)

0.organizationName  = Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd

# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)
#1.organizationName  = Second Organization Name (eg, company)
#1.organizationName_default = World Wide Web Pty Ltd

organizationalUnitName  = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
#organizationalUnitName_default =

commonName   = Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
commonName_max   = 64

emailAddress   = Email Address
emailAddress_max  = 64

# SET-ex3   = SET extension number 3

[ req_attributes ]
challengePassword  = A challenge password
challengePassword_min  = 4
challengePassword_max  = 20

unstructuredName  = An optional company name

[ usr_cert ]

# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.

# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType   = server

# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign

# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email

# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign

# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
nsComment   = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer

# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move

# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

#nsCaRevocationUrl  = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName

# This is required for TSA certificates.
# extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping

[ v3_req ]

# Extensions to add to a certificate request

basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature

[ v3enc_req ]

# Extensions to add to a certificate request

basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = keyAgreement, keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment

[ v3_ca ]

# Extensions for a typical CA


# PKIX recommendation.

subjectKeyIdentifier=hash

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer

basicConstraints = critical,CA:true

# Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will
# prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best
# left out by default.
keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign

# Some might want this also
# nsCertType = sslCA, emailCA

# Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# Copy issuer details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

# DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!
# obj=DER:02:03
# Where 'obj' is a standard or added object
# You can even override a supported extension:
# basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF

[ crl_ext ]

# CRL extensions.
# Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.

# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always

[ proxy_cert_ext ]
# These extensions should be added when creating a proxy certificate

# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.

basicConstraints=CA:FALSE

# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.

# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType   = server

# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign

# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email

# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign

# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment

# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
nsComment   = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"

# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer

# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move

# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy

#nsCaRevocationUrl  = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName

# This really needs to be in place for it to be a proxy certificate.
proxyCertInfo=critical,language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:3,policy:foo

####################################################################
[ tsa ]

default_tsa = tsa_config1 # the default TSA section

[ tsa_config1 ]

# These are used by the TSA reply generation only.
dir  = ./demoCA  # TSA root directory
serial  = $dir/tsaserial # The current serial number (mandatory)
crypto_device = builtin  # OpenSSL engine to use for signing
signer_cert = $dir/tsacert.pem  # The TSA signing certificate
    # (optional)
certs  = $dir/cacert.pem # Certificate chain to include in reply
    # (optional)
signer_key = $dir/private/tsakey.pem # The TSA private key (optional)
signer_digest  = sha256   # Signing digest to use. (Optional)
default_policy = tsa_policy1  # Policy if request did not specify it
    # (optional)
other_policies = tsa_policy2, tsa_policy3 # acceptable policies (optional)
digests     = sha1, sha256, sha384, sha512  # Acceptable message digests (mandatory)
accuracy = secs:1, millisecs:500, microsecs:100 # (optional)
clock_precision_digits  = 0 # number of digits after dot. (optional)
ordering  = yes # Is ordering defined for timestamps?
    # (optional, default: no)
tsa_name  = yes # Must the TSA name be included in the reply?
    # (optional, default: no)
ess_cert_id_chain = no # Must the ESS cert id chain be included?
    # (optional, default: no)
ess_cert_id_alg  = sha1 # algorithm to compute certificate
    # identifier (optional, default: sha1)

生成自签名CA证书（下列命令为使用openSSL 1.1.1版本的场景，如使用openSSL 3.0.9及以上的版本，openssl req命令中的*-newkey参数需要替换为sm2:SM2.pem*）：

openssl ecparam -name SM2 -out SM2.pem
openssl req -config ./openssl.cnf -nodes -subj '/C=AA/ST=BB/O=CC/OU=DD/CN=root ca' -keyout CA.key -newkey ec:SM2.pem -new -out CA.csr
openssl x509 -sm3 -req -days 30 -in CA.csr -extfile ./openssl.cnf -extensions v3_ca -signkey CA.key -out CA.crt

生成服务端签名证书和加密证书（下列命令为使用openSSL 1.1.1版本的场景，如使用openSSL 3.0.9及以上的版本，openssl req命令中的*-newkey参数需要替换为sm2:SM2.pem*）：

openssl req -config ./openssl.cnf -nodes -subj '/C=AA/ST=BB/O=CC/OU=DD/CN=server sign' -keyout SS.key -newkey ec:SM2.pem -new -out SS.csr
openssl x509 -sm3 -req -days 30 -in SS.csr -CA CA.crt -CAkey CA.key -extfile ./openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req -out SS.crt -CAcreateserial
openssl req -config ./openssl.cnf -nodes -subj '/C=AA/ST=BB/O=CC/OU=DD/CN=server enc' -keyout SE.key -newkey ec:SM2.pem -new -out SE.csr
openssl x509 -sm3 -req -days 30 -in SE.csr -CA CA.crt -CAkey CA.key -extfile ./openssl.cnf -extensions v3enc_req -out SE.crt -CAcreateserial

生成客户端签名证书和加密证书：

openssl req -config ./openssl.cnf -nodes -subj '/C=AA/ST=BB/O=CC/OU=DD/CN=client sign' -keyout CS.key -newkey ec:SM2.pem -new -out CS.csr
openssl x509 -sm3 -req -days 30 -in CS.csr -CA CA.crt -CAkey CA.key -extfile ./openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req -out CS.crt -CAcreateserial
openssl req -config ./openssl.cnf -nodes -subj '/C=AA/ST=BB/O=CC/OU=DD/CN=client enc' -keyout CE.key -newkey ec:SM2.pem -new -out CE.csr
openssl x509 -sm3 -req -days 30 -in CE.csr -CA CA.crt -CAkey CA.key -extfile ./openssl.cnf -extensions v3enc_req -out CE.crt -CAcreateserial

场景2：使用openSSL命令行验证TLCP协议栈

openSSL中提供的s_server/s_client工具可以用来测试TLCP协议：

# 开启服务端
openssl s_server  -verify 5 -accept 4433 \
    -cert SS.crt \
    -key SS.key \
    -dcert SE.crt \
    -dkey SE.key \
    -CAfile CA.crt

# 开启客户端
openssl s_client -verify 5 -connect 127.0.0.1:4433 \
    -cert CS.crt \
    -key CS.key \
    -dcert CE.crt \
    -dkey CE.key \
    -CAfile CA.crt -tlcp

场景3：openSSL API使用

服务端参考代码：

int main() {
    // 变量定义
    SSL_CTX *ctx = NULL;
    const char *sign_cert_file = "SS.crt";
    const char *sign_key_file = "SS.key";
    const char *enc_cert_file = "SE.crt";
    const char *enc_key_file = "SE.key";

    // 生成上下文
    ctx = SSL_CTX_new(TLS_server_method());

    // 加载签名证书，加密证书及其私钥
    if (!SSL_CTX_use_gm_certificate_file(ctx, sign_cert_file, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM, SSL_USAGE_SIG))
        goto err;

    if (!SSL_CTX_use_gm_PrivateKey_file(ctx, sign_key_file, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM, SSL_USAGE_SIG))
        goto err;

    if (!SSL_CTX_use_gm_certificate_file(ctx, enc_cert_file, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM, SSL_USAGE_ENC))
        goto err;

    if (!SSL_CTX_use_gm_PrivateKey_file(ctx, enc_key_file, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM, SSL_USAGE_ENC))
        goto err;

    SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, SSL_OP_ENCCERT_SECOND_POSITION);

    // 后续同标准tls流程
    SSL *ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
}

客户端参考代码：

int main() {
    // 变量定义
    SSL_CTX *ctx = NULL;
    const char *sign_cert_file = "CS.crt";
    const char *sign_key_file = "CS.key";
    const char *enc_cert_file = "CE.crt";
    const char *enc_key_file = "CE.key";

    // 生成上下文
    ctx = SSL_CTX_new(TLCP_client_method());

    // 加载签名证书，加密证书及其私钥
    if (!SSL_CTX_use_gm_certificate_file(ctx, sign_cert_file, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM, SSL_USAGE_SIG))
        goto err;

    if (!SSL_CTX_use_gm_PrivateKey_file(ctx, sign_key_file, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM, SSL_USAGE_SIG))
        goto err;

    if (!SSL_CTX_use_gm_certificate_file(ctx, enc_cert_file, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM, SSL_USAGE_ENC))
        goto err;

    if (!SSL_CTX_use_gm_PrivateKey_file(ctx, enc_key_file, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM, SSL_USAGE_ENC))
        goto err;

    // 设置算法套件为ECC-SM4-CBC-SM3或者ECDHE-SM4-CBC-SM3
    // 这一步并不强制编写，默认ECC-SM4-CBC-SM3优先
    if(SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(ctx, "ECC-SM4-CBC-SM3") <= 0)
        goto err;

    // 后续同标准tls流程
    SSL *ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
}

KTLS卸载

概述

Linux内核协议栈仅实现了TCP/IP模型，并不支持SSL/TLS会话层协议。目前TLS加解密一般由用户态来实现。但在部分场景下，如内核sendfile发送文件，会产生多次跨态拷贝导致性能开销。因此内核实现了KTLS，即支持对socket配置加密上下文，从而将数据加密过程卸载到内核态或下层硬件实现。

openEuler 6.4内核的KTLS特性提供了对商密算法的支持，目前支持SM4-GCM和SM4-CCM两种算法。

前置条件

内核大于或等于6.4.0-10版本：

# rpm -qa kernel
kernel-6.4.0-10.1.0.20.oe2309.x86_64

如何使用

商密算法的调用和其他相同类型的加密算法调用方法一致，可参考inux内核文档

TLCP协议栈

概述

前置条件

如何使用

场景1：生成SM2双证书

场景2：使用openSSL命令行验证TLCP协议栈

场景3：openSSL API使用

KTLS卸载

概述

前置条件

如何使用

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